5 chemical inventions that changed the shape of life in the modern era

Chemistry does not receive the same degree of interest in other scientific specializations despite the contribution of chemistry in many inventions that changed the shape of life in the modern era, and highlighted the Royal Society for Chemistry RSC.Org "in Britain five of these inventions.1- Peniculine: The discovery of "penicillin" contributed to saving the lives of millions.It is thanks to his discovery to the world "Alexander Flenting" when he noticed in 1928 that the mushroom of "penicillium" that grew on the edges of some of the experiments had caused the death of the surrounding bacteria, but it was unable to extract exaggerated amounts of "penicillin" to use for treatment purposes.In 1939, the Australian scientist "Howard Flori" and his team succeeded in producing good quantities of "penicillin", and there was a deficit in scientific equipment at that time as a result of the ignition of the Second World War, so "Flori" established a small factory to produce the active substance..However, production came widely until 1944 when the chemical engineer "Margaret Hotchenson Rousseau" converted the "Flori" factory into a larger industrial facility to produce "penicillin"..2- Fertilizers: "nitrogen" plays an important role in the biological chemical balance of all living organisms on the surface of the earth, and it represents the largest percentage of air (about 78%), but this gas is inactive, that is, it does not interact easily with the components surrounding it, and it was the difficulty of extracting it fromAir is one of the main factors behind the limited agricultural production worldwide in the past.However, in 1910, the German scientists "Fritz Haber" and "Karl Post" succeeded in integrating the nitrogen and hydrogen gaseous, and this integration resulted in the "ammonia" gas, which is now widely used in the fertilizer industry..According to the report, 80% of the nitrogen currently in human bodies is the product of the merger carried out by the German worlds.3- Plastic: Most of the plastic products currently used, starting from water pipes to food packaging paper, are manufactured from "polyethylene", and this material was discovered by chance through two other discoveries: The first: The German scientist "Hans von Bachman" in 1898 is noticed in 1898A wax material at the bottom of the experimental pipes when he was testing something completely different, and by examining that material it was found that it consists of long sequences they called "Polly Methylin", but efforts did not result in a wide production of plastic at this stage.The second: In 1933, the scientists noticed that the same waxy material was during the interactions that take place under high pressure, but they discovered this time the reason behind its formation, which is the leakage of oxygen, so they succeeded two years later in developing this method of producing plastic on a large scale, and development efforts continued until products reachedPlastic to the grammar that is currently on.4- Hormonal therapy: Physicists in the thirties realized the efficiency of hormonal therapy in the healing of many diseases such as cancer, but the high costs and long periods that hormone manufactures take it. These efforts stopped at that time. For example, the production of one gram of the hormone "progesterone" costs.A thousand dollars at that time compared to a few dollars currently.But the organic chemist "Russell Marker" at the University of "Pennsylvania" worked hard to search for plants containing molecules similar to the hormone "progesterone" and found his misfortune in the roots of one of the Mexican vegetables that resemble potatoes.5- LCD screens: Many may not believe that the date of the manufacture of flat screens that use liquid crystal display techniques known as "LCD" dates back to the late sixties of the last century. At that time, the British Ministry of Defense wanted to replace the screens dependent on cathode rays or"CRT" in its military vehicles with a flat and less expensive one.The ministry knew how to use liquid crystals techniques, but the problem was that this technology only works within the scope of high temperatures, so one needed to sit in "oven" so that he can use this type of screens.In 1970, the ministry commissioned the chemist "George Gray" at Hull University to find a way that allows the work of liquid crystals in normal weather conditions, which he succeeded in doing by inventing the "5CB" molecule.And 90% of the "LCD" devices in the world contained this molecule throughout the end of the 1970s and the eighties, and are still used in some hours and cheap computers, while the current modern devices based on "LCD" technologies such as cell phones, TVs and computers depend on the derivatives of this molecule.